In vitro and In vivo Antioxidant Activity of Aqueous Extracts of Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC) Guill & Perr and Terminalia avicennioides Guill & Perr Root Barks

In vitro and In vivo Antioxidant Activity of Aqueous Extracts of Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC) Guill & Perr and Terminalia avicennioides Guill & Perr Root Barks

*1Amadu K. Salau, 2Musa T. Yakubu and 2Adenike T. Oladiji.

1Phytomedicine Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Nutrition Unit, Department of Chemical Sciences, Fountain University, Osogbo, Nigeria.

2Phytomedicine and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.

*Author for correspondence: E-mail: ka_salaudeen@yahoo.com, ka.salaudeen@gmail.com;

Phone no: +2348064810736

Running title: Antioxidants in A. leiocarpus & T. avicennioides

ABSTRACT

This study investigated the antioxidant activity of aqueous root bark extracts of Anogeissus leiocarpus, Terminalia avicennioides and their mixture (1:1 w/w). The antioxidant activity of the extracts and their mixture was evaluated using in vitro models at 0-1.0 mg/ml and also in vivo using male rats assigned into eleven groups (A-K). Rats in groups A and B were orally administered 0.5 ml of distilled water and 200 mg/kg body weight of curcumin, respectively. Animals in groups C-E, F-H and I-K received A. leiocarpus, T. avicennioides and their mixture (1:1), respectively, at the doses of 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg body weight for 3 days. The extracts and their mixture reduced 1, 1-diphenyl- 2-picryl-hydrazyl radical (antiradicalar power = 3.33±0.01 μmol/mg for A. leiocarpus, 3.23±0.01 μmol/mg for T. avicennioides, 3.33±0.03 μmol/mg for the mixture and 3.13±0.02 μmol/mg for curcumin), hydrogen peroxide [half efficient concentration (EC50) = 0.53±0.09 mg/ml, 0.58±0.01 mg/ml, 0.58±0.10 mg/ml and 0.67±0.11 mg/ml] and ferric ion (EC50 = 0.39±0.00 mg/ml, 0.66±0.00 mg/ml, 0.34±0.07 mg/ml and 0.60±0.02 mg/ml) in vitro whereas the activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase as well as concentrations of the non-enzyme antioxidants reduced glutathione and vitamin C increased significantly (p<0.05) in the liver of the rats. The mixture showed the highest activity, which compared favourably with the reference antioxidant curcumin. The antioxidant activities of the extracts and their mixture might account, in part, for their mechanism of action in the management of diseases like cancer.

Key words: Free radicals; Antioxidants; Anogeissus leiocarpus; Terminalia avicennioides; Mixture.

RESUME

Cette étude a examiné l’activité antioxydante des extraits aqueux des écorces des racines de Anogeissus leiocarpus, de Terminalia avicennioides et de leur mélange (1:1 w/w) en utilisant des modèles in vitro de 0-1,0 mg / ml et in vivo sur onze lots (AK) de rats mâles. Les rats des lots A et B ont reçus respectivement par voie orale 0,5 ml d’eau distillée et 200 mg / kg de poids corporel de la curcumine. Les animaux des lots CE, FH et IK ont reçu A. leiocarpus, T. avicennioides et leur mélange (1:1), respectivement à des doses de 200, 400 et 800 mg / kg de poids corporel pendant trois jours. Les extraits et leur mélange réduits 1, 1-diphényl-2-picryle hydrazyl radicale (puissance = 3,33 ± 0,01 pmol / mg antiradicalar pour A. leiocarpus, 3,23 ± 0,01 μmol / mg pour T. avicennioides, 3,33 ± 0,03 pmol / mg pour le mélange et 3,13 ± 0,02 pmol / mg de curcumine), le peroxyde d’hydrogène [moitié de la concentration efficace (CE50) = 0,53 ± 0,09 mg / ml, 0,58 ± 0,01 mg / ml, 0,58 ± 0,10 mg / ml et 0,67 ± 0,11 mg / ml] et l’ion ferrique (CE50 = 0,39 ± 0,00 mg / ml, 0,66 ± 0,00 mg / ml, 0,34 ± 0,07 mg / ml et 0,60 ± 0,02 mg / ml) in vitro tandis que les activités de superoxyde dismutase, la catalase, la glutathion peroxydase, la glutathion réductase et du glucose 6-phosphate déshydrogénase, ainsi que glutathion réduit et de la vitamine C a augmenté de façon significative (p <0,05) dans le foie des rats. Le mélange a montré la plus forte activité, ce qui se compare favorablement avec la curcumine antioxydant de référence. Les activités antioxydantes des extraits et leur mélange peuvent être prises en compte, en partie, pour leur mécanisme d’action dans la gestion des maladies comme le cancer.
Mots clés: radicaux libres, Antioxydants, Anogeissus leiocarpus, Terminalia avicennioides.