NUKENINE E.N1*, TOFEL H.K.2 *AND ADLER C.3
1 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, PO Box 454 , Ngaoundere, Cameroon. Tel: +237-679 59 86 55; Email: elinchiwan@yahoo.fr
2 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bamenda, PO Box 39, Bambili, Cameroon.
3 Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants â Julius KĂŒhn â Institut,
Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection,
Königin-Luise-Str. 19, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
(*Author for correspondence)
Runing Title: Toxicity of two essential oils to Sitophilus zeamais
Abstract:
Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is a dominant insect pest of stored maize in Cameroon and other tropical countries. Synthetic residual chemical insecticides, which are widely used to control the weevil have proven to be devastating to the environment, thus creating a window for the search of environmentally-friendly alternative control options. The objective of this work was to evaluate the insecticidal and repellent effect of essential oils of Eucalyptus saligna (Myrtaceae) and Steganotaenia araliacea (Apiaceae)and their constituent to S. zeamais. For adult toxicity bioassay, weevils were exposed to the essential oils and pure compounds, which were applied on filter paper in a petri dish at the dosages 0.19, 0.39, 0.78 and 1.56 ”L/cm2. Mortality was recorded every day for six days. The repellence of the four test substances was evaluated at five rates (0.026, 0.052, 0.156, 0.260 and 0.519 ”L/cm2) in a choice bioassay on filter paper. All the test substances caused significant dose-dependent mortality to S. zeamais. But for α-pinene, all the test substances caused 100% mortality to the weevil. 6-d LC50 were 0.07, 0.37, 0.37 and 0.43 ”L/cm2 for α-copaene, S. araliacea, E. saligna and α-pinene , respectively. E. saligna oil evoked the highest repellency of 86%, while the lowest (31%) was recorded by α-pinene . Therefore, the essential oil of E. saligna, which demonstrated a high level of repellency and the pure compound, α-copaene with higher toxicity, have great potential as effective and safer alternative for the management of adult S. zeamais.
Key words: Essential oil, pure compounds, repellence, toxicity, stockage
Résumé
Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) est un insecte ravageur dominant du maĂŻs stockĂ© au Cameroun et dans d'autres pays tropicaux. Les insecticides chimiques rĂ©siduels de synthĂšse, qui sont largement utilisĂ©s pour la lutte contre le charançon du maĂŻs, se sont montrĂ©s dĂ©vastateurs de l'environnement, donnant ainsi la voie Ă la recherche d'autres moyens alternatifs de lutte, respectueux de l'environnement. L'objectif de ce travail Ă©tait d'Ă©valuer l'efficacitĂ© insecticide et rĂ©pulsive des huiles essentielles de Eucalyptus saligna (Myrtaceae)et de Steganotaenia araliacea (Apiaceae) ainsi que leurs constituants Ă lâĂ©gard de S. zeamais. Pour le test de toxicitĂ© sur adulte, les charançons ont Ă©tĂ© exposĂ©s aux huiles essentielles et aux composĂ©s purs, qui ont Ă©tĂ© appliquĂ©s sur du papier filtre dans des boĂźtes de PĂ©tri aux doses de 0,19, 0,39, 0,78 et 1,56 ”L/cm2. La mortalitĂ© a Ă©tĂ© enregistrĂ©e chaque jour pendant six jours. La rĂ©pulsion des quatre substances testĂ©es a Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©e Ă cinq diffĂ©rentes concentrations (0,026, 0,052, 0,156, 0,260 et 0,519 ”L/cm2) dans un essai de choix sur papier filtre. Toutes les substances testĂ©es ont entraĂźnĂ© une mortalitĂ© significative, dose-dĂ©pendante de S. zeamais. ExceptĂ© l'alpha-pinĂšne, toutes les substances testĂ©es ont causĂ© une mortalitĂ© de 100% du charançon de maĂŻs. Les concentrations lĂ©tales CL50 Ă 6 jours dâexposition Ă©taient de 0,07, 0,37, 0,37 et 0,43 ”l / cm2 pour respectivement lâalpha-copaĂšne, S. araliacea, E. saligna et lâalpha-pinĂšne. Lâhuile de E. saligna a provoquĂ© la rĂ©pulsion la plus Ă©levĂ©e (86%) et celle la plus faible (31%) par lâalpha-pinĂšne. Par consĂ©quent, l'huile essentielle de E. saligna qui a dĂ©montrĂ© un haut degrĂ© de rĂ©pulsion, et le composĂ© pur, lâalpha-copaĂšne, prĂ©sentant une toxicitĂ© plus Ă©levĂ©e, ont un grand potentiel en tant qu'alternative efficace et moins dangereuse pour la gestion de lâadulte de S. zeamais.
Mots clés : Huile essentielle, composés purs, répulsion, toxicité, stockage
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